19100006004 - THESIS
TITLE : “THYROID DYSFUNCTION IN PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE” INTRODUCTION Chronic kidney disease (CKD) has been recognized as a leading public health problem worldwide. The global estimated prevalence of CKD is 13.4% (11.7-15.1%), and patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) needing renal replacement therapy is estimated between 4.902 and 7.083 million1. Through its effect on cardiovascular risk and ESRD, CKD directly affects the global burden of morbidity and mortality worldwide. The global increase in this disease is mainly driven by the increase in the prevalence of diabetes mellitus, hypertension, obesity, and aging. But in some regions, other causes such as infection, herbal and environmental toxins are still common. The large number of deaths for poor access to renal replacement therapy in developing countries, and also large increase of patients with ESRD in future, will produce substantial financial burden for even the wealthiest countries2. Chroni...